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THREATS TO AMPHIBIANS:
Pesticides


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Bibliography

Berrill, M., S. Bertram, L. McGillivray, M. Kolohon,B. Pauli. 1994. Effects of low concentrations of forest-use pesticides on frog embryos and tadpoles. Environ-toxicol-chem. 13 (4):657-664.

Berrill, M, S. Bertram, B. Pauli, D. Coulson, M. Kolohon, and D. Ostrander. 1995. Comparative sensitivity of amphibian tadpoles to single and pulsed exposures of the forest-use insecticide fenitrothion. Environmental-Toxicology-and-Chemistry. 14(6): 1011-1018.

Bidwell, J.R. and J.R. Gorrie. 1995. Acute toxicity of a herbicide to selected frog species. Final Report to the Western Australian Department of Environmental Protection.

Bishop, C.A.. 1992. The effects of pesticides on amphibians and the implications for determining causes of declines in amphibian populations. In Bishop,C.A. and K.E. Pettit, Eds. Declines In Canadian Amphibian Populations: Designing A National Monitoring Strategy. Proceedings Of A Workshop Sponsored By The Canadian Wildlife Service And The Metropolitan Toronto Zoo, Held In Burlington, Ontario, 5 6 OCTOBER 1991. Canadian Wildlife Serv., Ottawa, ON Canada no. 76 pp. 67-70

Devillers, J.and J.M. Exbrayat. 1992. Ecotoxicity of chemicals to amphibians. Handbooks of ecotoxicological data, v. 1. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Philadelphia.

Fulton, M.H.and J.E. Chambers. 1985. The toxic and teratogenic effects of selected organophosphorus compounds on the embryos of three species of amphibians. Toxicol.-Lett. 26(2-3)175-180.

Gauna, L., A. Caballero de Castro, M. Chifflet de Llamas, and A.M. Pechen de D'Angelo. 1991. Effects of dieldrin treatment on physiological and biochemical aspects of the toad embryonic development. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 46:633-640.

Hall, R.J. and P.F.P. Henry. 1992. Assessing effects of pesticides on amphibians and reptiles: status and needs. The Herpetological Journal. 2(3):65-71.

Hall,R.J. and E. Kolbe. 1980. Bioconcentration of organophosphorus pesticides to hazardous levels by amphibians. J.-Toxicol.-Environ.-Health, 6(4):853-860.

Hall, R.J. and D.M. Swineford. 1981. Acute Toxicities of Toxaphene and Endrin to Larvae of Seven Species of Amphibians. Toxicol.-Lett. 8(6):331-336.

Materna, E.J., C.F. Rabeni-CF, and T.W LaPoint. 1995. Effects of the synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, esfenvalerate, on larval leopard frogs (Rana spp.). Environmental-Toxicology-and-Chemistry. 14(4):613-622.

Powell, G.V.N., L.R. DeWeese,and T.G. Lamont. 1982. A field evaluation of frogs as a potential source of secondary organophosphorus insecticide poisoning. Can.-J.-Zool. 60(9):2233-2235.

Russell, R.W., S.J. Hecnar,and G.D. Haffner. 1995. Organochlorine pesticide residues in southern Ontario spring peepers. Environ-toxicol-chem. 14 (5):815-817.

Schuytema, G.S., A.V. Nebeker, W.L. Griffis, and K.N. Wilson. 1991. Teratogenesis, toxicity, and biocentration in frogs exposed to Dieldrin. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 21:332-350.

Updated: September 28, 2003

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